Skeleton and Muscles- Grade 5

Parts of a human skeleton

The human body is a complex design made of various system and structures

The parts that make the human skeleton are the skull, the rib cage and the smooth muscles.

Functions of human skeleton 

This is the structure made of bones, cartilages and connective tissues.

It serves the following functions.

The skull protects the brain from injuries o Backbone provides support to the body and helps the body to remain upright o It also makes the person flexible.

1. It is also known as human spine

2. It is made up of 33 bones called the vertebrae. these bones stretch from the neck to the pelvis and protect the spinal cord.

3. The backbone provides support to the body, allowing the body to stand, bend or twist.

4. The backbone also protects the brain and the body

The rib cage protects the heart and the lungs

1. It is made up of curved bones called lungs

2. It is found in the chest area

3. It protects a person’s internal organs from damage and gives structures to the test.

4. Most human beings have 12 pairs of rib bones

The limbs bones support the weight of the human body. 

They also help a person to move

There are 30 bones in each lower limp (leg) these are,

Femur Is a single bon of the thigh, its rounded head connects with the hip socket to form the hip join.

There are 30 bones in each upper limb (arm)

The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm and the ulna and the radius are the paired bones of the forearms.

1. Tibia

2. Fibula

3. Seven tarsal bones

4. Five me tarsal bones and 14 phalanges

Types of muscles 

It is a tissue that functions as a source of power

It is a bundle of fibrous tissue in a human or animal body that can contract, producing movements in the body maintaining the position of the part of the body.

The human body has three types of muscles

Cardiac Muscles – these muscles make up the mass of the heart and are responsible for the heart’s rhythmic contractions.

Skeleton Muscles - they connect to and control the motions of the human skeleton. They are found between the bones and use tendons to connect to bones. They are controlled voluntarily and are concerned with movement, posture and balance of human body.

Smooth Muscles – are control involuntarily. They are found in the walls of blood vessels, urinary bladder, the intestine and stomach

Functions of skeleton muscles (voluntary muscles)

1. Support and help the body move

2. Control the body temperature

3. Keep the body upright

4. Protect the organs of the body